Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While it often first appears in childhood, it can continue into adulthood. ADHD is characterised by differences in attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD experience the world in a unique way that is different to individuals without ADHD.

ADHD can create challenges at school, home, and during social interactions as children with ADHD may seem excessively active, struggle with concentration, act without considering consequences, face difficulties with taking turns, and have issues getting along with others.

However, people with ADHD can also exhibit remarkable strengths in creativity, problem-solving skills, and resilience. Their ability to think outside the box can lead to innovative solutions and unique insights. By focusing on these strengths, we can create environments that allow individuals with ADHD to thrive.

Types of ADHD

There are three main types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.

Inattentive ADHD

Inattentive ADHD is characterised by difficulty paying attention and staying focused. Individuals with this type of ADHD may have trouble following instructions, organising tasks, and completing tasks. They may be forgetful and easily distracted.

Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD

Hyperactive-impulsive ADHD is characterised by excessive energy, restlessness, and difficulty controlling impulses. Individuals with this type of ADHD may have trouble remaining seated and constantly fidget or squirm. They may also have difficulty waiting their turn, such as during conversations, and find it difficult to think carefully before acting.

Combined ADHD

Combined ADHD is a combination of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

What causes ADHD?

The exact cause of ADHD is still unknown, but research suggests that it is a combination of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors. Studies have shown that children with ADHD often have a family history of the condition, indicating a genetic component. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins during pregnancy or early childhood may also play a role in the development of ADHD.

Additionally, studies have shown that some regions of the brain may be affected in individuals with ADHD. These areas are responsible for regulating attention, behaviour, and emotions. Differences in brain structure and function may contribute to the symptoms of ADHD.

Myth-busting: Contrary to popular belief, overconsumption of sugar, excessive screen time, poverty, or family chaos are not supported by substantial evidence to be the sole causes of ADHD.

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

The symptoms of ADHD can vary from person to person and can also change over time. Common signs include forgetfulness, difficulty focusing on tasks, a tendency to lose things, restlessness, fidgetiness, and making impulsive decisions. However, it’s important to note that these symptoms can vary significantly from person to person.

How is ADHD diagnosed?

There is no single definitive test for ADHD, and a diagnosis is typically made based on a combination of factors. Diagnosing ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, usually a paediatrician, psychiatrist or psychologist. This may include a physical exam, a review of medical history, and a thorough assessment of symptoms via behavioural observation, clinical interview and standardised rating scales.

Psychological testing is often an important component of an ADHD assessment to assess for other conditions that might mimic ADHD, such as learning disorders or anxiety.

If you suspect you or your child may have ADHD, it is important to reach out. Our team at Raise the Bar Psychology can help you with assessment and diagnosis.

The importance of getting tested for ADHD

Accurately identifying ADHD is crucial for linking individuals and families in with the right resources and support. Without a clear understanding of an individuals unique strengths, differences and challenges, individuals with ADHD may struggle with academically, socially, and emotionally. They may also be at a higher risk for developing other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression.

In addition, formal identification of ADHD can provide a sense of relief and understanding for individuals who have been struggling with symptoms but were unsure of the cause. A diagnosis can also open access to resources and support, such as therapy and accommodations in school or the workplace.

Support for people with ADHD

The journey of living with ADHD can be challenging. While there is no cure for ADHD, there are many resources and support systems available that can help manage symptoms and improve daily functioning. Treatment for ADHD typically involves a combination of different strategies and supports. Here are some examples.

Medication

While not always necessary, medication can be helpful for managing symptoms in some cases. It is important to work closely with an appropriately qualified healthcare professional when taking medication for ADHD.

Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other therapeutic approaches can help individuals develop coping strategies and improve their quality of life.

Lifestyle Changes

Making lifestyle changes can also help manage symptoms of ADHD. This may include creating a structured routine, exercising regularly, and practising relaxation techniques. It is also important to maintain a healthy diet and get enough sleep, as these can impact symptoms of ADHD.

Accommodations and adjustments

Schools, workplaces, and other institutions can provide accommodations and adapt environments to help individuals with ADHD succeed. This might include flexible workspaces, varied teaching and assessment methods, and understanding the importance of breaks and movement. By reducing environmental barriers, we can enhance the well-being and productivity of those with ADHD.

Support Groups

Connecting with others who share similar experiences can be incredibly beneficial.

Advocacy

Raising awareness and advocating for the needs of people with ADHD can help create a more inclusive and understanding society.

ADHD in Adults

While 1 in 20 Australian children have ADHD, many adults with ADHD may not have been identified as children and may not realise they have the condition. ADHD affects around one in twenty Australians, which is over 1.2 million people.²

Symptoms of ADHD in adults may present differently than in children. For example, hyperactivity may manifest as restlessness or difficulty sitting still rather than physical fidgeting. Adults with ADHD may also struggle with time management, organisation, and managing relationships.

If you suspect that you may have ADHD as an adult, it is important to seek out a healthcare professional for an evaluation. Support for ADHD in adults may include a combination of medication, therapy, workplace accomodations and lifestyle changes.

We're with you all the way

If you suspect you or your child has ADHD or have questions, our experienced team at Raise the Bar Psychology is here to help. Gain insights, support, and personalised strategies to navigate the ADHD journey. Contact us today if you have any questions or would like to request an assessment.

Frequently Asked Questions about ADHD

What is the difference between ADHD and ADD?

Many people use the terms ADD and ADHD interchangeably, but they are not the same thing. Technically speaking, attention deficit disorder (ADD) is no longer a medical diagnosis, but “ADD” is often used to refer to the Inattentive Type of ADHD and its associated symptoms.

With the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), ADD is no longer an accepted term. However, many people still use it in reference to the inattentive type of ADHD.

² https://www.adhdaustralia.org.au/about-adhd/